Abstract:Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
I'm picking on rust here because it's no secret it has a long history of having some very... enthusiastic users. But my broader point is that tools are just tools. They're not our identity, a mark of our wisdom, or a moral choice. Other people have different perspectives, tastes, and skills - and they may prefer different tools to us.
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Less can be more in chats
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中信证券研报进一步指出，随着2026年国内商业用地租金下降幅度放缓、资深加盟商情绪趋于谨慎、头部四大酒店集团Pipeline减少，酒店行业供给增速将进一步回落。在高线城市入住率翻正预期下，价格料将呈现一定弹性，头部酒店RevPAR同比预计仅实现低个位数增长。这意味着，单纯依靠规模驱动的增长模式已难以为继，质量深耕与体验创新将成为下一阶段竞争的核心命题。
Update, February 26, 2026, 1:16PM PT: This story was updated to specify that Meta’s internal estimates around ad revenue included scams and banned products.，推荐阅读服务器推荐获取更多信息